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This guide describes how to use Pair to Mac to connect Visual Studio 2019to a Mac build host. The same instructions apply to Visual Studio 2017.
Overview
Building native iOS applications requires access to Apple's build tools,which only run on a Mac. Because of this, Visual Studio 2019 must connect toa network-accessible Mac to build Xamarin.iOS applications.
Visual Studio 2019's Pair to Mac feature discovers, connects to,authenticates with, and remembers Mac build hosts so that Windows-basediOS developers can work productively.
Pair to Mac enables the following development workflow:
Developers can write Xamarin.iOS code in Visual Studio 2019.
Visual Studio 2019 opens a network connection to a Mac build host anduses the build tools on that machine to compile and sign the iOS app.
There is no need to run a separate application on the Mac – VisualStudio 2019 invokes Mac builds securely over SSH.
Visual Studio 2019 is notified of changes as soon as they happen. Forexample, when an iOS device is plugged in to the Mac or becomes availableon the network, the iOS Toolbar updates instantly.
Multiple instances of Visual Studio 2019 can connect to the Macsimultaneously.
It's possible to use the Windows command-line to build iOS applications.
PATH is a special environment variable in UNIX (and UNIX-like, e.g. GNU/Linux) systems, which is frequently used and manipulated by the shell (though other things can use it, as well). There's a somewhat terse explanation on wikipedia, but basically it's used to define where to search for executable files (whether binaries, shell scripts.
Note
Before following the instructions in this guide, complete the following steps:
- On a Windows machine, install Visual Studio 2019
- On a Mac, install Xcode and Visual Studio for Mac
- You must manually open Xcode after installing so that it can add any additional components.
If you would prefer not to install Visual Studio for Mac, Visual Studio 2019can automatically configure the Mac build host with Xamarin.iOS and Mono.You must still install and run Xcode.For more information, see Automatic Mac provisioning.
Enable remote login on the Mac
To set up the Mac build host, first enable remote login:
On the Mac, open System Preferences and go to the Sharing pane.
Check Remote Login in the Service list.
Make sure that it is configured to allow access for All users, orthat your Mac username or group is included in the list of allowedusers.
If prompted, configure the macOS firewall.
If you have set the macOS firewall to block incoming connections, youmay need to allow
mono-sgen
to receive incoming connections. An alertappears to prompt you if this is the case.If it is on the same network as the Windows machine, the Mac shouldnow be discoverable by Visual Studio 2019. If the Mac is still notdiscoverable, try manually adding a Mac or takea look at the troubleshooting guide.
Connect to the Mac from Visual Studio 2019
Now that remote login is enabled, connect Visual Studio 2019 to the Mac.
In Visual Studio 2019, open an existing iOS project or create a new oneby choosing File > New > Project and then selecting an iOS projecttemplate.
Open the Pair to Mac dialog.
Use the Pair to Mac button iOS toolbar:
Or, select Tools > iOS > Pair to Mac.
The Pair to Mac dialog displays a list of all previously-connectedand currently-available Mac build hosts:
Select a Mac in the list. Click Connect.
Enter your username and password.
The first time you connect to any particular Mac, you areprompted to enter your username and password for that machine:
Tip
When logging in, use your system username rather than full name.
Pair to Mac uses these credentials to create a new SSH connectionto the Mac. If it succeeds, a key is added to the authorized_keysfile on the Mac. Subsequent connections to the same Mac will loginautomatically.
Pair to Mac automatically configures the Mac.
Starting with Visual Studio 2019 version15.6,Visual Studio 2019 installs or updates Mono and Xamarin.iOS on aconnected Mac build host as needed (note that Xcode must still beinstalled manually). See Automatic Macprovisioning for more details.
Look for the connection status icon.
When Visual Studio 2019 is connected to a Mac, that Mac's itemin the Pair to Mac dialog displays an icon indicating thatit is currently connected:
There can be only one connected Mac at a time.
Tip
Right-clicking any Mac in the Pair to Mac list brings up a contextmenu that allows you to Connect.., Forget this Mac, orDisconnect:
If you choose Forget this Mac, your credentials for the selectedMac will be forgotten. To reconnect to that Mac, you will need to re-enteryour username and password.
If you have successfully paired to a Mac build host, you are ready to buildXamarin.iOS apps in Visual Studio 2019. Take a look at theIntroduction to Xamarin.iOS for Visual Studioguide.
If you have not been able to pair a Mac, try manually adding aMac or take a look at the troubleshootingguide.
Manually add a Mac
If you do not see a particular Mac listed in the Pair to Mac dialog,add it manually:
Locate your Mac's IP address.
Open System Preferences > Sharing > Remote Login on your Mac:
Alternatively, use the command line. In Terminal, issue this command:
Depending on your network configuration, you may need to use aninterface name other than
en0
. For example:en1
,en2
, etc.
In Visual Studio 2019's Pair to Mac dialog, select Add Mac..:
Enter the Mac's IP address and click Add:
Enter your username and password for the Mac:
Tip
When logging in, use your system username rather than full name.
Click Login to connect Visual Studio 2019 to the Mac over SSH and addit to the list of known machines.
Automatic Mac provisioning
Starting with Visual Studio 2019 version 15.6,Pair to Mac automatically provisions a Mac with software necessary forbuilding Xamarin.iOS applications: Mono, Xamarin.iOS (the softwareframework, not the Visual Studio for Mac IDE), and various Xcode-relatedtools (but not Xcode itself).
Important
- Pair to Mac cannot install Xcode; you must manually install it on theMac build host. It is required for Xamarin.iOS development.
- Automatic Mac provisioning requires that remote login isenabled on the Mac, and the Mac must be network-accessible to the Windowsmachine. See Enabling remote login on the Macfor more details.
- Automatic Mac provisioning requires 3GB of free space on the Mac to install Xamarin.iOS.
Pair to Mac performs necessary software installations/updates when VisualStudio 2019 is connecting to theMac.
Mono
Pair to Mac will check to make sure that Mono is installed. If it is notinstalled, Pair to Mac will download and install the latest stable versionof Mono on the Mac.
Progress is indicated by various prompts, as shown by the followingscreenshots (click to zoom):
Mono | Install Check | Downloading | Installing |
---|
Xamarin.iOS
Pair to Mac upgrades Xamarin.iOS on the Mac to match the versioninstalled on the Windows machine.
Important
Pair to Mac will not downgrade Xamarin.iOS on the Mac from alpha/betato stable. If you have Visual Studio for Mac installed, set yourrelease channel asfollows:
- If you use Visual Studio 2019, select the Stable updates channel inVisual Studio for Mac.
- If you use Visual Studio 2019 Preview, select the Alpha updateschannel in Visual Studio for Mac.
Progress is indicated by various prompts, as shown by the followingscreenshots (click to zoom):
Xamarin.iOS | Install Check | Downloading | Installing |
---|
Xcode tools and license
Pair to Mac will also check to determine whether Xcode has been installedand its license accepted. While Pair to Mac does not install Xcode, itdoes prompt for license acceptance, as shown in the following screenshots(click to zoom):
Xcode | Install Check | License Acceptance |
---|
Additionally, Pair to Mac will install or update various packagesdistributed with Xcode. For example:
- MobileDeviceDevelopment.pkg
- XcodeExtensionSupport.pkg
- MobileDevice.pkg
- XcodeSystemResources.pkg
The installation of these packages happens quickly and without a prompt.
Mac Path Variable
Note
These tools are distinct from the Xcode Command Line Tools, whichas of macOS 10.9 areinstalled with Xcode.
Troubleshooting automatic Mac provisioning
If you encounter any trouble using automatic Mac provisioning, take a lookat the Visual Studio 2019 IDE logs, stored in%LOCALAPPDATA%XamarinLogs16.0. These logs may contain error messagesto help you better diagnose the failure or get support.
The installation of these packages happens quickly and without a prompt.
Mac Path Variable
Note
These tools are distinct from the Xcode Command Line Tools, whichas of macOS 10.9 areinstalled with Xcode.
Troubleshooting automatic Mac provisioning
If you encounter any trouble using automatic Mac provisioning, take a lookat the Visual Studio 2019 IDE logs, stored in%LOCALAPPDATA%XamarinLogs16.0. These logs may contain error messagesto help you better diagnose the failure or get support.
Build iOS apps from the Windows command-line
Pair to Mac supports building Xamarin.iOS applications from the commandline. For example:
The parameters passed to msbuild
in the above example are:
ServerAddress
– The IP address of the Mac build host.ServerUser
– The username to use when logging in to the Mac build host.Use your system username rather than your full name.ServerPassword
– The password to use when logging in to the Mac build host.
Note
Visual Studio 2019 stores msbuild
in the following directory:C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019MSBuildCurrentBin
The first time Pair to Mac logs in to a particular Mac build host fromeither Visual Studio 2019 or the command-line, it sets up SSH keys. With thesekeys, future logins will not require a username or password. Newlycreated keys are stored in %LOCALAPPDATA%XamarinMonoTouch.
If the ServerPassword
parameter is omitted from a command-line buildinvocation, Pair to Mac attempts to log in to the Mac build hostusing the saved SSH keys.
Summary
This article described how to use Pair to Mac to connect Visual Studio 2019 to aMac build host, enabling Visual Studio 2019 developers to build native iOSapplications with Xamarin.iOS.
Next steps
Note
Using Anaconda in a commercial setting? You may need to use Anaconda Commercial Edition. If you have already purchased Commercial Edition, please proceed to the Authenticating Commercial Edition section after completing your installation here.
Haven't purchased Commercial Edition yet? Visit https://anaconda.cloud/register to get started.
You can install Anaconda using either the graphical installer ('wizard') or thecommand line ('manual') instructions below. If you are unsure, choose the graphical install.
macOS graphical install¶
Download the graphical macOS installer for your version of Python.
RECOMMENDED: Verify data integrity with SHA-256.For more information on hashes, see What about cryptographic hash verification?
Double-click the downloaded file and click continue to start the installation.
Answer the prompts on the Introduction, Read Me, and License screens.
Click the Install button to install Anaconda in your ~/opt directory (recommended):
OR, click the Change Install Location button to install in another location (not recommended).
On the Destination Select screen, select Install for me only.
Note
If you get the error message 'You cannot install Anaconda in this location,' reselect Install for me only.
Click the continue button.
Optional: To install PyCharm for Anaconda, click on the link to https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm.
Or to install Anaconda without PyCharm, click the Continue button.
A successful installation displays the following screen:
Verify your installation.
Using the command-line install¶
Use this method if you prefer to use a terminal window.
In your browser, download the command-line version of themacOS installer for your system.
RECOMMENDED: Verify data integrity with SHA-256.For more information on hash verification, see cryptographic hash validation.
Open a terminal and run the following:
Note
Replace
/path/filename
with your installation's path and filename.Install for Python 3.7 or 2.7:
For Python 3.7 enter the following:
For Python 2.7, open the Terminal.app or iTerm2 terminal application and then enter the following:
Note
Include the
bash
command regardless of whether or not you are using the Bash shell.Note
Replace
~/Downloads
with your actual path andAnaconda3-2020.02-MacOSX-x86_64.sh
with actual name of the file you downloaded.The installer prompts 'In order to continue the installation process, please review the license agreement.'Click Enter to view the license terms.
Scroll to the bottom of the license terms and enter yes to agree to them.
The installer prompts you to Press Enter to confirm the location, Press CTRL-C to cancel the installationor specify an alternate installation directory. If you confirm the default location,it will display
PREFIX=/home//anaconda<2or3>
and continue the installation.R sig mac problem loading tcl tk interface on r for macbook pro. Note
Unlike the graphical install, installing the shell file will place it in ~/anaconda<2 or 3> by default,not ~/opt. This is due to limitations with installing .pkg files on macOS Catalina.
Installation may take a few minutes to complete.
Note
We recommend you accept the default install location. Do not choose the path as /usr for theAnaconda/Miniconda installation.
The installer prompts 'Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3by running conda init?' We recommend 'yes'.
Note
If you enter 'no', then conda will not modify your shell scripts at all.In order to initialize after the installation process is done, first run
sourcetoconda>/bin/activate
and then runcondainit
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Note
If you are on macOS Catalina, the new default shell is zsh.You will instead need to run
sourcetoconda>/bin/activate
followed bycondainitzsh
.The installer displays 'Thank you for installing Anaconda!'
Optional: The installer describes the partnership between Anaconda and JetBrains andprovides a link to install PyCharm for Anaconda athttps://www.anaconda.com/pycharm.
Close and open your terminal window for the Anaconda installation to take effect.
To control whether or not each shell session has the base environmentactivated or not, run
condaconfig--setauto_activate_baseFalseorTrue
. To run conda from anywhere without having the base environmentactivated by default, usecondaconfig--setauto_activate_baseFalse
.This only works if you have runcondainit
first.Note
condainit
is available in conda versions 4.6.12 and later.Verify your installation.
The Path For Mac High Sierra
What's next?¶
The Path Ralph Macdonald
Get started programming quickly with Anaconda in the Getting started with Anaconda guide.